Examples of 'pneumolysin' in a sentence
Meaning of "pneumolysin"
Pneumolysin (noun) - Pneumolysin is a protein exotoxin produced by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae that is known to damage cells and contribute to the virulence of the bacterium. Pneumolysin plays a role in disrupting host cell membranes and immune responses, particularly in the context of pneumococcal infections
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- A putative virulence factor of the gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. It has a range of biological activity, including the ability to lyse and interfere with the function of cells and soluble molecules of the immune system.
How to use "pneumolysin" in a sentence
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pneumolysin
Rabbit antisera to native pneumolysin are used in immunoblotting.
Pneumolysin is preferably present in the supernatant as a soluble aggregate.
This method could be used to purify recombinant or native pneumolysin.
Wild type pneumolysin is highly toxic.
The process of the invention can be advantageously used to purify pneumococcal pneumolysin.
A preferred combination contains at least pneumolysin or a derivative thereof and PspA.
Preferably the pneumolysin is in aggregated form and hence mostly devoid of haemolytic activity.
The process of the invention uses hydrophobic interaction chromatography to purify pneumolysin in a single step.
The affinity purified pneumolysin was further purified using a hydroxylapatite column.
Several single amino acid substitutions within this domain reduce the cytotoxicity of pneumolysin significantly.
They discovered that pneumolysin is produced by all the cells within a bacterial population.
Preferably the vaccine comprises capsular polysaccharide material conjugated with the altered or mutant pneumolysin.
The biological activity of the purified pneumolysin was assessed using an in vitro haemolysis assay.
The process of the invention uses a decreasing salt gradient to elute pneumolysin from the column.
The pneumolysin produced lesions throughout the respiratory system which led to respiratory difficulties and death.
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The line marked with diamonds indicates the survival rate for mice inoculated with native pneumolysin.
The pneumolysin was either untreated or detoxified using the GMBS treatment described above.
ELISA The antigenicity of the detoxified pneumolysin was assessed by ELISA.
GMBS detoxified pneumolysin produced a level of haemorrhage lower than that produced by native pneumolysin.
However, there is a difficulty in that pneumolysin is toxic to humans.
In an embodiment, the immunogenic composition of the invention comprises pneumolysin.
The cytolysin, preferably pneumolysin is bound to the column as a soluble aggregate.
The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the bacterial cytolysin is pneumococcal pneumolysin.
Thus pneumolysin included in a vaccine must therefore be substantially non-toxic.
Alternatively, pneumococcal polysaccharide and pneumolysin may both be used in an unconjugated form.
In one embodiment the encoded bacterial toxin is diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis or pneumolysin toxin.
Three regions of the pneumolysin gene were subjected to oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis.
Expression and cloning of wild-type or native pneumolysin is known in the art.
The recombinant pneumolysin retains its conformation while being rendered non-toxic.
This is achieved by diafiltration or dialysis of the cytolysin, preferably pneumolysin against urea.
In a second optional step, cytolysin, preferably pneumolysin is denatured and solubilised by addition of a denaturant.
The pneumolysin is not toxoided ; nonetheless, the resulting conjugate has greatly reduced toxicity.
Some point-mutated variants of pneumolysin have reduced toxicity and haemolytic activity.
The vaccines elicit antibodies to both the polysaccharide and the protein, recombinant pneumolysin.
Samples containing dilutions of pneumolysin were incubated in the plates for 1 hour at room temperature.
Detoxified as compared to the corresponding wild-type carrier polypeptide which is pneumococcal toxin pneumolysin.
Derived from a pneumolysin polypeptide from Streptococcus pneumoniae or ;.
Suitable bacterial toxoids include tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, pertussis toxoid, bacterial cytolysins or pneumolysin.
Results were expressed as ng / ml pneumolysin corresponding to the mid-point of the OD curve.
Their synthetic peptide, TIP, strengthens human endothelial cells exposed to pneumolysin.
A vaccine comprising an altered pneumolysin as in any one of claims 1 to 5.
Preferably the bacterial toxin is from Streptococcus pneumoniae, most preferably the toxin is pneumolysin.
The immunogenic composition of claims 1-2 wherein the pneumolysin is genetically detoxified.
This showed the advantageous ability of 3D-MPL to improve the antibody response to detoxified pneumolysin.
Serial 2-fold dilutions of pneumolysin were incubated with sheep red blood cells.
The immune response elicited by the encoded polypeptide can be directed against a S . pneumoniae pneumolysin protein.
Figure 3 - Toxicity of GMBS treated pneumolysin given intranasally to mice.
The polypeptide component preferably lacks hemolytic activity present in a naturally occurring S. pneumoniae pneumolysin protein.
The S. pneumoniae pneumolysin protein can have the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO, 1.
Results were expressed as mid-point dilution titers . Pneumolysin chemical detoxification.
